Debt-for-Nature Swaps (DNS) can help developing countries address both external debt repayment pressures and environmental challenges. Over the past few years, DNS has increasingly become a focus of attention. China is one of the major emerging bilateral creditor countries. DNS can help China reduce losses caused by sovereign debt defaults, enhance bilateral relations with debtor countries, and highlight China’s assertive leadership role in global ecological and environmental governance and sustainable development. Due to the large number of debtor countries with which China has bilateral debts, the complexity of the DNS mechanism and high transaction costs, making the selection of debtor countries crucial for China. With support from The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the International Institute of Green Finance (IIGF) at the Central University of Finance and Economics conducted a study on a country selection scoring system for DNS. This scoring system includes four primary variables: the debtor country’s debt and fiscal situation, the debtor country’s environmental assets, the political and legal environment of the debtor country, and the bilateral relationship between the debtor country and China, as well as 23 secondary variables. The authors hope that this scoring system will provide meaningful reference for selecting debtor countries suitable for implementing DNS with China.